Gamma-Ray Dose-Rates from Radioactive Isotopes

Neutrino Event Rates from Gamma-Ray Bursts.

We recalculate the diffuse flux of high-energy neutrinos produced by gamma-ray bursts in the relativistic fireball model. Although we confirm that the average single burst produces only approximately 10-2 high-energy neutrino events in a detector with a 1 km2 effective area, i.e., about 10 events yr-1, we show that the observed rate is dominated by burst-to-burst fluctuations that are very larg...

Gamma-Ray Dose From an Overhead Plume.

Standard plume models can underestimate the gamma-ray dose when most of the radioactive material is above the heads of the receptors. Typically, a model is used to calculate the air concentration at the height of the receptor, and the dose is calculated by multiplying the air concentration by a concentration-to-dose conversion factor. Models indicate that if the plume is emitted from a stack du...

Comparison of Indoor and Outdoor Dose Rates from Environmental Gamma Radiation in Kurdistan Province

Background & Aims: Studying about background radiation is important because human beings are continuously exposed to these radiations which leave energy in tissues and the transferred energy leads to undesirable biologic effects. The level of background radiation differs in indoor and outdoor places. Since, people spend more time indoors, in this research environmental gamma dose rate for indoo...

The Radioactive Isotopes

Calculations of Gamma Ray Dose from Gamma Ray Bursters and Nearby Supernovae

INTRODUCTION Supernovae and gamma ray bursters (possibly caused by “hypernovae”) are the most energetic known events in the Universe. Supernovae release approximately 10 ergs of energy in the form of photons, neutrinos, and kinetic energy imparted to debris from the explosion. Hypernovae release approximately 10 ergs of gamma ray energy alone (1). Some researchers have speculated that nearby su...